Origins Of The British East India Company History Essay

Origins Of The British East India Company History Essay The British East India Company was most likely a successful period in the British domains history. It was responsible for the invasion of the Indian subcontinent, which turned out to be the empires leading supplier of profits, beside Malaya. The Company was responsible for the overthrow of Hong Kong and other immediate Asian countries; it was liable for creating Britains Asian empire. It began as a joint-stock company of traders and investors which was granted a Royal charter by Queen Elizabeth 1 to trade with the East. The original name of the corporation when it was first formed was Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies (Landow). They joined together to generate money importing spices from South Asia. James Lancaster was in charge of the 1st company voyage in 1601 that sailed around the coast of South Africa and across the Indian Ocean, arriving back in London in 1603 with ships filled with pepper. In the 1600s, pepper was the most significant part of the British East India Companys commerce. The group established its first Asian factory in Bantam and it was here that the English were able to expand into other parts of Asia (The [British East India] Company Story). Market at Bantam was multicultural because of other merchants from Arab, Turkey, Iran, and China trading products from their own nations. The Company had woolen cloth and silver, but Asian traders favored Indian textiles which were good quality; therefore, it had to uncover ways to attain fabrics from India. In 1611, after failed attempt to enter into agreement with Mughal Emperor, Jahangir, the British East India Company enquired King James 1 to send a representative. The ambassador was to negotiate with the Mughal Emperor to allow the company to establish a factory in his region. The Mughal territory included northern and central India and it was rich in merchandises that would profit the Company. Final agreements were reached in 1615 that allowed the corporation to start a base. It sent Indian textiles to the market at Bantam [from Surat] (The [British East India] Company Story). This led the group to become the major trading business over the French, Dutch, and Portuguese trading companies in the Indian subcontinent. India had great proficient dyers and weavers that created cloth that went in demand throughout Asia and England. The Company by 1690 had trading centers (known as factories) all along the West and East of India (The [British East India] Company Story). For instance, major bases were located at Calcutta and Bombay. London was also an essential trading base where goods were imported, exported and transferred from one country to another. The British East India Company was allowed by the Chinese to trade at Canton in 1699. The Company purchased products like tea and silk from China, in return of silver. England began to worry that too much silver was being used to pay for the tea; as a result, the British East India Company started to grow Opium in India to pay to the Chinese. By 1750, Indian silks, cottons and calicoes formed 60 percent of the Company (The [British East India] Company Story). Throughout this time, the Mughal Empire was subsiding. Provincial states began to emerge and they were controlled by local leaders who in conflict with each other. British East India Company became active in power and politics; it started to expand territories. Thus, using the divide and rule tactic. The Companys challenges with foreign rivals led it to build military and administrative departments, thereby becoming an imperial power in its own right (Landow). When Nawab of Bengal took the settlement at Calcutta in 1757, the British East India Company recaptured the colony at the Battle of Plassey and it took charge of the whole Bengal. According to the British Library, the Company assumed the Diwan of Bengal. A business which was established for the purpose of trade, was now responsible for the civil, judicial, and revenue administration of Indias richest province, with some 20 million inhabitants (The [British East India] Company Story). As the British East India Company became wealthy from land taxes and profits of trade, more Indians experienced famines and died. Many individuals were dispossessed of their land, andlocal industries [crippled] (The [British East India] Company Story). This resulted in reduced labor and decrease in profits. The managers of the company tried to prevent liquidation by begging Parliament for financial help. Since the French and Indian War was expensive for the British, King George 111 wanted to tax and regain control over the American colonies. The King together with his government made up a strategy to give the struggling East India Company a monopoly on the importation of tea to America (The Boston Tea Party, 1773). This led to the passing of the Tea Act of 1773. It gave the Company sovereignty in controlling trade in America. The American colonists after hearing of the tax, they argued that even though the price had gone down, the king had no right to levy without cause. Reduced tea price decrease the profits of the local merchants. It triggered the Boston Tea Party of 1773. The British administration became concerned about the companys capability to regulate its regions. According to the British Library, in 1783, the government decided to make Calcutta the center [rule] under a new Governor-General. Warren Hastings was the first to be appointed to the position. Authority was now falling into the hands of the British government. The British East India Companys trade was limited to China by 1813. However, it was abolished in 1833. The company struggled to survive until there was a rebellion in Bengal by the Indian troops which worked for the company in 1857. The Indian troops were also known as the Sepoys. It finally went out of existence in 1873 (Landow). In the course of its reign, the British East India Company created trade across the Middle East and Asia. It regulated its own regions and played a role in influencing the American Revolution. The companys products were the source of the Boston Tea Party in colonial America.

Telnet :: essays research papers

Telnet PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT Before gophers, hypertext, and sophisticated web browsers, telnet was the primary means by which computer users connected their machines with other computers around the world. Telnet is a plain ASCII terminal emulation protocol that is still used to access a variety of information sources, most notably libraries and local BBS's. This report will trace the history and usage of this still popular and widely used protocol and explain where and how it still manages to fit in today. HISTORY AND FUTURE OF TELNET "Telnet" is the accepted name of the Internet protocol and the command name on UNIX systems for a type of terminal emulation program which allows users to log into remote computer networks, whether the network being targeted for login is physically in the next room or halfway around the globe. A common program feature is the ability to emulate several diverse types of terminals-- ANSI, TTY, vt52, and more. In the early days of networking some ten to fifteen years ago, the "internet" more or less consisted of telnet, FTP (file transfer protocol), crude email programs, and news reading. Telnet made library catalogs, online services, bulletin boards, databases and other network services available to casual computer users, although not with the friendly graphic user interfaces one sees today. Each of the early internet functions could be invoked from the UNIX prompt, however, each of them used a different client program with its own unique problems. Internet software has since greatly matured, with modern web browsers (i.e. Netscape and Internet Explorer) easily handling the WWW protocol (http) along with the protocols for FTP, gopher, news, and email. Only the telnet protocol to this day requires the use of an external program. Due to problems with printing and saving and the primitive look and feel of telnet connections, a movement is underway to transform information resources from telnet-accessible sites to full fledged web sites. However, it is estimated that it will still take several years before quality web interfaces exist for all of the resources now currently available only via telnet. Therefore, knowing the underlying command structure of terminal emulation programs like telnet is likely to remain necessary for the networking professional for some time to come. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TELNET The chief advantage to the telnet protocol today lies in the fact that many services and most library catalogs on the Internet remain accessible today only via the telnet connection. Since telnet is a terminal application, many see it as a mere holdover from the days of mainframe computers and minicomputers. With the recent interest in $500 Internet terminals may foretell a resurgence Telnet :: essays research papers Telnet PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT Before gophers, hypertext, and sophisticated web browsers, telnet was the primary means by which computer users connected their machines with other computers around the world. Telnet is a plain ASCII terminal emulation protocol that is still used to access a variety of information sources, most notably libraries and local BBS's. This report will trace the history and usage of this still popular and widely used protocol and explain where and how it still manages to fit in today. HISTORY AND FUTURE OF TELNET "Telnet" is the accepted name of the Internet protocol and the command name on UNIX systems for a type of terminal emulation program which allows users to log into remote computer networks, whether the network being targeted for login is physically in the next room or halfway around the globe. A common program feature is the ability to emulate several diverse types of terminals-- ANSI, TTY, vt52, and more. In the early days of networking some ten to fifteen years ago, the "internet" more or less consisted of telnet, FTP (file transfer protocol), crude email programs, and news reading. Telnet made library catalogs, online services, bulletin boards, databases and other network services available to casual computer users, although not with the friendly graphic user interfaces one sees today. Each of the early internet functions could be invoked from the UNIX prompt, however, each of them used a different client program with its own unique problems. Internet software has since greatly matured, with modern web browsers (i.e. Netscape and Internet Explorer) easily handling the WWW protocol (http) along with the protocols for FTP, gopher, news, and email. Only the telnet protocol to this day requires the use of an external program. Due to problems with printing and saving and the primitive look and feel of telnet connections, a movement is underway to transform information resources from telnet-accessible sites to full fledged web sites. However, it is estimated that it will still take several years before quality web interfaces exist for all of the resources now currently available only via telnet. Therefore, knowing the underlying command structure of terminal emulation programs like telnet is likely to remain necessary for the networking professional for some time to come. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TELNET The chief advantage to the telnet protocol today lies in the fact that many services and most library catalogs on the Internet remain accessible today only via the telnet connection. Since telnet is a terminal application, many see it as a mere holdover from the days of mainframe computers and minicomputers. With the recent interest in $500 Internet terminals may foretell a resurgence

Teenagers – not as bad as they are portrayed?

Britain altering her ways, has successfully managed to keep up with the ever changing world. However the youth of our day, seem the only change society somewhat fails to keep pace with. Are we leading our teenagers forlorn? Teenagers are categorised under offenders and criminals and not to mention are covered by an umbrella of stereotypical views of which if its coverage of teenage Britain fails to cease would be a slow and gradual obliteration of Britain’s future. If society takes a step back and realises the sought of pressure left upon the shoulders of our future leaders, doctors , engineers etcetera we would come to the realisation that the strain put on them is a strain put on the nation’s future. Furthermore, as the well-being of the nation hangs in the balance it seems as if eyes are staring purposefully watch it lose its balance with the likes of the media broadcasting nothing but the negatives, painting a villainous image of which the public do nothing but believe. Although there are some teenagers who follow the wrong path, statistics show 10 percent of anti-social behaviour were committed by them and the increase of knife crime amongst teenagers increased by 2 percent over the past year however it seems statistics like this also fail to mention the other percentage of teenagers who actually do something valuable for the society such us charity work, and those whom constantly thrive in the aspiration of making the nation a good one to live in, until then the current government has to work on making this nation a bearable one to live in. The constant pressure from the media towards the teenage generation has yet to show the many good works of the youths. ‘’Back in my day†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ seems to be the reoccurring statement by the nostalgic few, the few, whom believe that without the morals and discipline of the old age teenagers today show no respect for society today, however, Do they know how it is to work in a teenagers shoes. Above all, teenagers still get along with life amongst all the turmoil: postcode wars, gang warfare and peer pressure. Being at a vulnerable stage in life, youths feel pressured into becoming the image everyone expects, seen in the small town of Lancashire where a normal boy named Tom, was bullied to the extent he committed suicide, this in itself is not accepted in society. ‘’Now I will not get to see my son lead a normal life’’ said Mrs Smith tearfully. Would the outcome be different if he spoke to someone? 2011 witnessed the London riots, often described as ‘’mindless act of violence ‘’ saw parts of London set ablaze teenagers seen as the apparent cause, could this have been prevented? Or was this just a way to gain attention from the society as they have been put on the lower end of it, always put at the receiving end of pessimistic views. Although this would be seen by some to be destructive, inconsiderate and uncalled-for , this might be what teenagers think would actually make sure their voices are heard and also make sure they have an actual say on what decisions are made about them. The life of teenagers would continue to remain a mystery to some, as times change people also change, if things do not change for the better the life of a 21st century teenager would continue to be hard.

George Frideric Handel was the Greatest Composer - 772 Words

Frideric Handel was the greatest composer during the Baroque period, one of his famous works was â€Å"Julius Caesar† the opera seria. George Frideric Handel was born on February 23, 1685 in Halle, Germany. Handel was known as the greatest composer during the Baroque era. Handel was most famous for the Messiah a English Ontario. This great composer also wrote the great opera seria known as â€Å"Julius Caesar† which was performed first in London, England in 1724. The opera seria quickly became popular and was toured in several other cities. George was a very talented composer but, unlike many others he didn’t come from a family with a long line of musicians. At very early age Handel had his mind set on studying music even though his father†¦show more content†¦According to history, Ptolemy XIII was Cleopatra’s brother who was the sole Monarch of Egypt. Cleopatra and Julius Caesar were in love but, she wanted Caesar to help her kill Ptolemy . In th e opera Pompey and Caesar were at war. Pomey lost the war and went back to Egypt where he was killed by one of his own men. Cornelia the widow of Pompey was tortured in Ptolemy’s harem. Sextus , the son of Cornelia was upset that Ptolemy was doing this to his mother. The aria starts in ritornello form as Sextus seeks revenge against Ptolemy, the aria here represented with a recitative as the orchestra sets the mood. Handel wanted to show the â€Å"affects† of the music to portray anger, as Sextus sings â€Å"La giustizia† which is in ABA form. Handel shortens the ritornellos in section A, so that the singer can take a breathe. The music at this point is very vigorous and words are sung in more angry tones during this section. Handel does this by using fast scales and high notes. An example, when Sextus sings â€Å"traitor† it is sang with a long high note. Sextus feeling confident pauses for a moment to finish the final cadence. The section B of the aria is also in ritornello form with a continuo accompaniment. The opera brings in the female voice with a high note as she sings â€Å"punire un traditor† at the end of the cadence. Handel uses ritornello form through out the opera, and used an up tempo to express the emotion between the two characters. Italian operas were very popular in London, withShow MoreRelatedEssay on George Frideric Handels Water Music948 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Frideric Handels Water Music Not only is George Frideric Handels Water Music extraordinarily beautiful, it also helped to establish the orchestral suite as a legitimate art form. Written to be performed outside instead of in a theater, it remains one of the most outstanding compositions in Handels catalogue. Even though it is somewhat overplayed, the Water Music continues to be a very popular work of art. 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